Narration: Present & Past Perfect
(Present Perfect ও Past Perfect Tense-এর Narration)
An interactive guide for changing Direct to Indirect Speech.
(ডাইরেক্ট থেকে ইনডাইরেক্ট স্পিচে পরিবর্তনের জন্য একটি ইন্টারেক্টিভ গাইড।)
How to Change Narration
(কিভাবে Narration পরিবর্তন করবেন)
Breakdown 1: Present Perfect → Past Perfect
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the Present Perfect Tense changes to the Past Perfect Tense.
Direct Speech
She said, “I have done my work.”
↓
Rule 1: Conjunction
Add “that”.
Rule 2: Pronoun Change
“I” becomes “she”. “my” becomes “her”.
Rule 3: Tense Change
“have done” becomes “had done”.
↓
Indirect Speech
She said that she had done her work.
Breakdown 2: Past Perfect → No Tense Change
When the reported speech is already in the Past Perfect Tense, the tense does not change.
Direct Speech
He said, “I had already finished.”
↓
Rule 1: Conjunction
Add “that”.
Rule 2: Pronoun Change
“I” becomes “he”.
Rule 3: Tense Change
“had finished” remains “had finished”. NO CHANGE.
↓
Indirect Speech
He said that he had already finished.
